Antoine Rutayishire, a Rwandan pastor who survived the Hutu genocide of the Tutsi minority of the 1990s, writes in his book Faith Under Fire: Testimonies of Christian Bravery "Before the massacres, no one would have believed that such a thing could happen in a country like Rwanda. Tucked just south of Uganda, west of Tanzania, north of Burundi and east of Zaire, this beautiful green and hilly land was considered one of the most Christian in Africa, with 90% of the population calling themselves either Roman Catholic or Protestant."
One of the most Christian countries in Africa? By what standard? Were family units, village and city life, schools and universities, local and national governmental agencies saturated with a life-system uniquely Christian?
"The 1991 census showed that 89.6% of the population was Christian with 62% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church and the rest of the Protestant Churches. In Protestant circles, Rwanda was equally known as the cradle of 'the eastern Africa revival.'"
The Cradle of the Eastern African Revival? What revival? What constitutes a revival? Over one million people were massacred. Were the 20% who did not call themselves Christian solely responsible for the violence? What was the standard for measuring conversions? According to Rutayishire, it was “European culture and concepts.”
"The period between 1927 and 1942 marked this progressive conquest of the ‘Christian kingdom in the heart of Africa’, actualization of the long dream of the founders of the missionary societies...When you read carefully the excerpts of missionary reports, there is no single mention of conversion, repentance, obedience to God’s laws; the elation is about ‘conversion to European culture and concepts.’"
Herein is another example of the religious fixation upon Modern, measurable means to validate or invalidate spirit. It was the same sacred-secular view of reality that hindered the Chinese church from stabilizing and growing: an emphasis upon an ambiguous spirituality and a "sacred" disregard for the physical world.
The collective results of 20th century missionary efforts were1) the exportation of Modernism, and 2) the simultaneous destruction of the native fabric of Third World culture. In other words, not only did this Modern form of missionarying give nothing to illustrate its authenticity by giving the culture something measurable, something tangible it could grap onto, but it also eroded what was already unique to that culture.
Keep in mind that of much native culture was targeted for annihilation by the Christian West because it was not compatible with Modernism. In the end, what did the native have that was uniquely his own? Nothing. Cannot Christianity have as many valid expressions as there are cultures, or is it uniquely American? Wherever the secular-sacred distinction takes hold, it tends to produce the same bland, monolithic culture in which 1) there is a philosophical disregard for the physical world (including international, national and regional culture) and 2) there is the destruction of what was already there (pagan or non-Christian culture).
In Cry the Beloved Country Alan Paton is speaking about Western culture through the African John Kumalo:
"I do not say that we are free here. I do not say that we are free as men should be. But at least I am free of the chief. At least I am free of an old and ignorant man, who is nothing but a white man’s dog. He is a trick, a trick to hold together something that the white man desires to hold together."
Modernism not only provided the false aspiration of superior culture , but it also destroyed any semblance of covenants the native had to his tribe. By the time Modernism took its toll on the African male during this period, any covenantal duties he previously had to the tribe were smashed. What was left?
"'But it is not being held together', he said. 'It is breaking apart, your tribal society. It is here in Johannesburg that the new society is being built. Something is happening here, my brother.'"
In the end, animism was preferable to Modern Christian culture. And that is exactly where the POMO is.
One of the most Christian countries in Africa? By what standard? Were family units, village and city life, schools and universities, local and national governmental agencies saturated with a life-system uniquely Christian?
"The 1991 census showed that 89.6% of the population was Christian with 62% belonging to the Roman Catholic Church and the rest of the Protestant Churches. In Protestant circles, Rwanda was equally known as the cradle of 'the eastern Africa revival.'"
The Cradle of the Eastern African Revival? What revival? What constitutes a revival? Over one million people were massacred. Were the 20% who did not call themselves Christian solely responsible for the violence? What was the standard for measuring conversions? According to Rutayishire, it was “European culture and concepts.”
"The period between 1927 and 1942 marked this progressive conquest of the ‘Christian kingdom in the heart of Africa’, actualization of the long dream of the founders of the missionary societies...When you read carefully the excerpts of missionary reports, there is no single mention of conversion, repentance, obedience to God’s laws; the elation is about ‘conversion to European culture and concepts.’"
Herein is another example of the religious fixation upon Modern, measurable means to validate or invalidate spirit. It was the same sacred-secular view of reality that hindered the Chinese church from stabilizing and growing: an emphasis upon an ambiguous spirituality and a "sacred" disregard for the physical world.
The collective results of 20th century missionary efforts were1) the exportation of Modernism, and 2) the simultaneous destruction of the native fabric of Third World culture. In other words, not only did this Modern form of missionarying give nothing to illustrate its authenticity by giving the culture something measurable, something tangible it could grap onto, but it also eroded what was already unique to that culture.
Keep in mind that of much native culture was targeted for annihilation by the Christian West because it was not compatible with Modernism. In the end, what did the native have that was uniquely his own? Nothing. Cannot Christianity have as many valid expressions as there are cultures, or is it uniquely American? Wherever the secular-sacred distinction takes hold, it tends to produce the same bland, monolithic culture in which 1) there is a philosophical disregard for the physical world (including international, national and regional culture) and 2) there is the destruction of what was already there (pagan or non-Christian culture).
In Cry the Beloved Country Alan Paton is speaking about Western culture through the African John Kumalo:
"I do not say that we are free here. I do not say that we are free as men should be. But at least I am free of the chief. At least I am free of an old and ignorant man, who is nothing but a white man’s dog. He is a trick, a trick to hold together something that the white man desires to hold together."
Modernism not only provided the false aspiration of superior culture , but it also destroyed any semblance of covenants the native had to his tribe. By the time Modernism took its toll on the African male during this period, any covenantal duties he previously had to the tribe were smashed. What was left?
"'But it is not being held together', he said. 'It is breaking apart, your tribal society. It is here in Johannesburg that the new society is being built. Something is happening here, my brother.'"
In the end, animism was preferable to Modern Christian culture. And that is exactly where the POMO is.
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